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| Al-Arbain An-Nawawiyah. |
Hadith 4: The Stages of Human Creation and the Decree of Provision, Lifespan, and Actions
الحديث الرابع: [مراحل خلق الإنسان , وتقديرُ رزقهِ وأجلهِ وعملهِ]
عَنْ أبي عبد الرحمن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ الصَّادِقُ الْمَصْدُوقُ: إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ يُجْمَعُ خَلْقُهُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا نطفة ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَقَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ مُضْغَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُرْسِلُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ الْمَلَكَ، فَيَنْفُخُ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ وَيُؤْمَرُ بِأَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ: بِكَتْبِ رِزْقِهِ وَأَجَلِهِ وَعَمَلِهِ وَشَقِيٌّ أَوْ سَعِيدٌ، فَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا ذِرَاعٌ، فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيُدْخُلُهَا، وَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا ذِرَاعٌ، فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ , وَمُسْلِمٌ.[1]
Translation:
“Narrated by Abu
Abdurrahman Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him):
He said, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ,
the truthful and the one who is believed, told us: "Verily, the creation of each one of you
is brought together in his mother’s womb for forty days as a drop of sperm
(nutfah), then he becomes a clinging clot ('alaqah) for the same period, then a
lump of flesh (mudghah) for the same period. Then Allah sends an angel to
breathe the soul into him and is commanded to write four things: his provision
(rizq), his lifespan (ajal), his deeds (‘amal), and whether he will be
miserable (shaqiy) or happy (sa‘id). By Allah, other
than whom there is no deity, one of you may perform the deeds of the people of
Paradise until he is only a cubit away from it, but what has been written
overtakes him, so he acts with the deeds of the people of the Fire and thus
enters it. And one of you may perform the deeds of the people of the Fire until
he is only a cubit away from it, but what has been written overtakes him, so he
acts with the deeds of the people of Paradise and thus enters it.” (Reported by
al-Bukhari and Muslim)
The Prophet ﷺ is known as الصَّادِقُ الْمَصْدُوقُ, meaning the one who is truthful and whose words are always confirmed as true. Al-Tufi mentioned: